Welcome to learning-python’s documentation!

Contents:

• 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Q&A
  • 1.2. Features
  • 1.3. Design and History
  • 1.4. Resources
  • 1.5. Run programs
  • 1.6. Python’s Arsenal
• 2. Demos
• 3. Core Types
  • 3.1. None
  • 3.2. Numeric types
  • 3.3. Strings
  • 3.4. Lists
  • 3.5. Dictionaries
  • 3.6. Tuples
  • 3.7. Sets
  • 3.8. The meaning of True and False in Python
  • 3.9. Files
  • 3.10. The standard type hierarchy
  • 3.11. Type objects
• 4. Syntax
  • 4.1. Lexical analysis
  • 4.2. Expressions
  • 4.3. Assignment
  • 4.4. Pass
  • 4.5. If
  • 4.6. Loop
  • 4.7. Try/Raise
  • 4.8. With
  • 4.9. Yield
  • 4.10. Return
  • 4.11. Import
  • 4.12. Global, local and nonlocal
  • 4.13. Assert
  • 4.14. Del
  • 4.15. Print
  • 4.16. Exec
  • 4.17. Iterations
  • 4.18. Comprehensions
• 5. Functions
  • 5.1. def
  • 5.2. Scopes
  • 5.3. Arguments
  • 5.4. Function design principles
  • 5.5. “First Class” Objects
  • 5.6. Function Introspection
  • 5.7. Function Annotations in 3.x
  • 5.8. Anonymous Functions: lambda
  • 5.9. Functional programming tools
  • 5.10. Generator functions
  • 5.11. Function Decorators
• 6. Modules and Packages
  • 6.1. How imports work
  • 6.2. Module usage
  • 6.3. Packages
  • 6.4. Relative imports
  • 6.5. Python3.3 namespace packages
  • 6.6. Data hiding in modules
  • 6.7. Enable future language features: __future__
  • 6.8. __name__ and __main__
  • 6.9. Docstrings
• 7. Classes and OOP
  • 7.1. Basic usage
  • 7.2. Special attributes
  • 7.3. Operator overloadding
  • 7.4. Customize attribute access
  • 7.5. Customize class creation
  • 7.6. Advanced topics
• 8. Exceptions
  • 8.1. Basics
  • 8.2. Exception coding detail
  • 8.3. Built-in exceptions
• 9. A tour of std libs
  • 9.1. datetime - Basic date and time types
  • 9.2. collections - Container datetypes
  • 9.3. deque: double-ended queue
  • 9.4. heapq - Heap queue algorithm
  • 9.5. bisect - Array bisection algorithm
  • 9.6. array - Efficient arrays of numeric values
  • 9.7. weakref - Weak references
  • 9.8. types - Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types
  • 9.9. copy - Shallow and deep copy operations
  • 9.10. os.path - Common pathname manipulations
  • 9.11. tempfile - Generate temporary files and directories
  • 9.12. glob - Unix style pathname pattern expansion
  • 9.13. shutil - High-level file operations
  • 9.14. netrc - netrc file processing
  • 9.15. hashlib - Secure hashes and message digests
  • 9.16. os - Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
  • 9.17. io - Core tools for working with streams
  • 9.18. time - Time access and conversions
  • 9.19. argparse - Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands
  • 9.20. logging - logging — Logging facility for Python
  • 9.21. platform - Access to underlying platform’s identifying data
  • 9.22. errno - Standard errno system symbols
• 10. Debugging and Profiling
  • 10.1. Timing
  • 10.2. Profiling
  • 10.3. Tracing
• 11. Text processing
  • 11.1. string — Common string operations
  • 11.2. Safely eval
  • 11.3. Regular expression
  • 11.4. Structed text
  • 11.5. HTML text
  • 11.6. Template system
  • 11.7. Lexical and syntax parser
• 12. Auto-Testing
  • 12.1. doctest
  • 12.2. unittest
  • 12.3. pytest
  • 12.4. Tox
  • 12.5. Selenium
  • 12.6. Coverage
• 13. Tools and Environment
  • 13.1. Development
  • 13.2. Documents
  • 13.3. Auto testing
  • 13.4. Code maintaining and reviewing
  • 13.5. Packaging
  • 13.6. Deployment
  • 13.7. Release
  • 13.8. Monitoring
  • 13.9. CI
  • 13.10. Agile & DevOp
• 14. Concurrenct execution
  • 14.1. threading
  • 14.2. multiprocessing
  • 14.3. subprocess
  • 14.4. concurrent
  • 14.5. sched
  • 14.6. python-daemon
  • 14.7. supervisor
• 15. Networking
  • 15.1. ipaddress - IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library
  • 15.2. socket
  • 15.3. http
  • 15.4. xmlrpc
  • 15.5. Twisted
• 16. Databases
  • 16.1. SQL
  • 16.2. ORM
  • 16.3. Relation DB vs. NoSQL
• 17. Message Queues
  • 17.1. RabbitMQ
  • 17.2. Redis
  • 17.3. ZeroMQ
  • 17.4. Celery
• 18. Web
  • 18.1. WSGI
  • 18.2. Django
  • 18.3. Flask
  • 18.4. Tornado
• 19. Migrating to Python3
• 20. Resources

Indices and tables

• Index
• Module Index
• Search Page